Crime Scene Photographer Overview
A crime scene photographer documents evidence and the environment at crime scenes and accidents for legal and investigative purposes. Their role requires advanced technical photography skills and a knowledge of forensic procedures to create an unbiased, permanent visual record. These specialists often work for law enforcement agencies, such as police departments or the FBI, or for medical examiners' offices.
The purpose of forensic photography
The main goal of forensic photography is to create a complete and accurate visual account of a scene that can later be used to reconstruct events for investigators, attorneys, and juries.
Photographs can capture fragile or temporary evidence before it is moved or affected by weather and can record the precise position of evidence relative to other items.
A crime scene photographer's documentation typically includes:
Overall shots: Wide-angle photos from various viewpoints to show the entire scene and its surroundings.
Mid-range shots: Images that show the spatial relationship between individual pieces of evidence and their context within the scene.
Close-up shots: Detailed photos of specific evidence, with a scale (such as a ruler) included for size reference.
Equipment and techniques
Crime scene photographers use specialized equipment and techniques to ensure accuracy and capture evidence that may not be visible to the naked eye.
Standard equipment:
Digital SLR or mirrorless camera: High-quality cameras with manual settings and interchangeable lenses.
Variety of lenses: This includes wide-angle lenses for overall scene shots and macro lenses for close-ups of small evidence.
External flashes and tripods: For stabilizing the camera during long exposures and for precise lighting control, which is essential for capturing certain types of evidence.
Scales and markers: Items such as rulers and numbered placards are used to provide size context and label evidence.
Advanced techniques:
Alternate light sources (ALS): Specialized lights, like UV or infrared, are used to reveal hidden evidence such as bodily fluids, latent fingerprints, or fibers.
Painting with light: A technique for illuminating large, nighttime crime scenes for a comprehensive photo.
Digital imaging: After documentation, photographers may use imaging software to enhance contrast on fingerprints or other small details, but without altering the authenticity of the evidence.
Videography: In addition to still photography, video may be used to document crime scenes or police procedures.
Skills and qualifications
To succeed in this demanding field, a crime scene photographer needs a combination of technical knowledge, personal attributes, and formal training.
Essential skills and attributes:
Attention to detail: A meticulous approach is critical, as a missed piece of evidence could impact a case.
Technical knowledge: Expertise in photographic principles, lighting, exposure, and editing is required.
Emotional fortitude: Photographers must be able to work calmly and professionally in chaotic, tragic, or gruesome environments.
Adherence to protocols: A deep understanding of law enforcement procedures and the legal requirements for photographic evidence is essential.
Availability: The job often requires working irregular, on-call hours and responding to scenes at any time of day or night.
Education and certification:
Education: While some positions only require a high school diploma, many employers prefer candidates with an associate's or bachelor's degree in photography, forensic science, or criminal justice.
Experience: Prior photography experience or an internship can be beneficial. Some law enforcement agencies train officers from within for this specialized role.
Certification: The International Association for Identification (IAI) offers a voluntary Forensic Photography Certification. This credential demonstrates experience and expertise in the field.